Modeling and Optimization of the Microwave PCB Interconnects Using Macromodel Techniques

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Compressed Machine Learning-Based Inverse Model for the Design of Microwave Filters

This paper presents an inverse model for the optimization of the geometrical parameters of a parallel coupled-line pass-band filter. Given the overall structure of the filter, the least square support vector machine is combined with the principal component analysis with the aim of constructing an inverse model able to estimate the geometrical parameters of the filter starting from a frequency-domain mask. Such model is trained via a set of scattering parameters computed via a 2D solver for few configurations of the filter geometrical parameters. The feasibility and the accuracy of the proposed optimization scheme is investigated by comparing its predictions with the corresponding optimal configuration estimated via a commercial tool

Nutritional requirements and actual dietary intake of adult burn patients

Background: Nutritional support of the burn patient is essential to optimize, host immune defenses and to promote prompt wound healing. Furthermore, the increased needs in calorie requirement of burned patients, the composition of proteins, carbohydrates and fats in their diet is important. The purpose of this study was to evaluate energy, macronutrient and micronutrient intake and comparing with Reference Daily Intake (RDI) in adult burn patients. Methods: Sixty thermally injured patients who were hospitalized in a burn care Imam Reza hospital in Mashhad, Iran, were included in this cross-sectional study. Information about actual intake was collected by ‘nutrient intake analysis (NIA) through direct observation. Individual nutritional intakes were assessed with the use of nutritionist 4 software and Data was analyzed by SPSS version 18. Results: The mean of energy, carbohydrate and protein intake was significantly lower than the mean total energy requirement and carbohydrate and protein RDA (

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

The Language of the Catcher in the Rye in the Persian Translations

This study aimed at investigating whether the language of the Catcher in the Rye was conveyed in its Persian translations or not. To do so, first the language of this story (i.e. the linguistic features) was described: a description of the language of this story was provided by focusing on a famous article written on the language of the Catcher in the Rye by Donald. P Costello in 1959.Of the different elements of the language of this story mentioned by Donald .P Costello, the concepts of loosely dangling phrases , grammatical elements, repetition, slangy expressions, and swear words were considered to be investigated in  the  Persian translations. As far as the loosely dangling phrases were concerned, 30 examples were provided from the story and compared with their Persian translation. When it came to other concepts, 15 examples were considered for the grammatical elements,15 examples for the repetition ,15  examples for the slangy expressions ,and 15 examples for the swear words. The results of the study showed that none of the translators have done perfectly in conveying the concepts mentioned above .Even though each of these linguistic features are investigated separately, 15 examples are not enough to make a conclusion concerning which translator has done a great job in conveying a special linguistic features. Because of this, a general conclusion would be made concerning the quality of the translation, considering all the 90 examples together. However, generally speaking, it can be said that the second translator, Mohammad Najafi, has done a better job compared  to other translators in conveying the language of the story .It may be possible that the two other translators have done a better job  compared  to Mohamad Najafi in conveying the content of the story rather than its language .Finally, it can be said that similar study can be conducted in other foreign languages considering the linguistic features mentioned by Costello.

Compressed Machine Learning-Based Inverse Model for Design Optimization of Microwave Components

This article presents a new noniterative inverse modeling technique based on machine learning regression and its applications to microwave design optimization. The proposed inverse model accepts the high-dimensional S-parameters computed at many frequency points as the input and estimates the optimal geometrical/physical parameters of the microwave component as its output. The least-squares support vector machine regression is combined with the principal component analysis to simultaneously overcome both the high-dimensional input space and ill-posed challenges of the inverse modeling. We also propose a new empirical method to find the optimum number of principal components (i.e., the compression level) for each example in an automated way. This makes our proposed model general and easy to use compared with the existing data-driven inverse modeling techniques. The inverse model is trained by a set of scattering parameters computed via a 2-D/3-D solver for few configurations of the geometrical parameters. The feasibility and the accuracy of the proposed optimization scheme are investigated by comparing its predictions with the corresponding optimal configuration estimated via a commercial solver

HIV trend among Iranian prisoners in 1990s and 2000s; Analysis of aggregated data from HIV sentinel sero-surveys

Abstract Background Using the aggregated data of all sentinel sero-surveys (1991 to 2007), this study aimed to report the HIV trend among Iranian prisoners. Method Overall, we analysed the aggregated data from 397 HIV sero-surveys conducted in 72 prisons (included 155,771 prisoners) from 1991 through 2007. Results The overall HIV prevalence was 2.8% (95% CI: 1.8%-4.3%). In 1998, HIV prevalence dramatically increased to 4.5% (95% CI: 1.1%-16.8%), which later became stable at level of 2.8%. Prisons were so heterogeneous regarding HIV prevalence (0% to 13.2%). Conclusion Since the outbreak, the ministry of health has acknowledged prisoners as one of the high-risk groups for HIV, increased the number of sentinel surveys and on-site harm reduction services to better monitor and response to the HIV epidemic. The downward trend of HIV prevalence after 2005 suggests the effectiveness of such interventions which need to be continued

HIV Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Young People in Iran: Findings of a National Population-Based Survey in 2013.

INTRODUCTION:The evidence is mixed on the HIV knowledge, attitude, and practices of youth in Iran. The aim of the current study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Iranian youth towards HIV through a national survey. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Through a cross-sectional study with multistage cluster sampling, we administered a pilot-tested standard questionnaire to assess the levels of HIV knowledge, attitudes and practices of individuals aged 15-29 years old. Participants were recruited from 13 provinces in Iran and consisted of 2456 men and 2412 women. RESULTS:Only 37.3% of the participants had a high knowledge score. Most participants knew the main routes of HIV transmission; however, misconceptions existed about the transmission of HIV through mosquito bites across all age groups (31.7% correct response). Positive levels of attitude wereobserved among 20.7% of the participants. Most participants believed that people living with HIV (PLHIV) should be supported (88.3%) while only 46.3% were ready to share a table with them. Among those aged 19-29 years old, the main source of HIV information was mass media (69.1%), only 13.1% had ever tested for HIV, around 20.8% had ever had extramarital sex (31.7% male vs. 9.6% female),1.8% ever injected drugs (2.9% male vs. and 0.7% female). Among sexually active subjects in this age group, only 21.8% (26.1% male vs. 7.1% female) were consistent condom users. CONCLUSIONS:The findings showed that Iranian youth and young adults have relatively insufficient overall knowledge and negative attitudes about HIV and PLHIV. Novel strategies involving schools and youth's networks could be employed to deliver a culturally sensitive sexual health program

Lifetime Abortion of Female Sex Workers in Iran: Findings of a National Bio-Behavioural Survey In 2010.

Unintended pregnancies and abortion may be considered as occupational hazards for female sex workers (FSWs). As our understanding of contraceptive and abortion practices of Iranian FSWs is very limited, this study tries to assess the dynamics of contraception and abortion among this sub-population.This survey was conducted in 2010, by recruiting 872 FSWs through facility-based sampling from 21 sites in 14 cities in Iran. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a pilot-tested standardized risk assessment questionnaire. We applied the logistic regression model to investigate the correlates of induced abortion among FSWs.Of the 863 participants with valid responses to the abortion variable, 35.3% (95% CI: 32.1-38.6) acknowledged ever induced abortion and the annual rate of abortion was estimated at 20.7 per 1000 women. Around 31.2% of FSWs reported no usual contraceptive use, 32.6% barrier method, 23.6% non-barrier modern contraception methods, and 12.5% dual protection. In our multivariable model, older age (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 1.74, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.02, 2.96), group sex (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.10, 3.35), history of travel for sex work (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.20), sexual violence (AOR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.25, 2.50), STIs in last year (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.14), and accessing family planning services (AOR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.49) were significant predictors of lifetime abortion.The reproductive health needs of Iranian FSWs are unmet and around one-third of FSWs reported induced abortion. Scaling-up comprehensive family planning services and empowering FSWs to have safer sex practices may help them to prevent unintended pregnancies and further risk of HIV transmission